UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN IBU HAMIL DI BANGKA BELITUNG UNTUK KEBERHASILAN MENYUSUI ASI EKSKLUSIF TAHUN 2019

Abstract

The facts show that exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia as a form of improvement in infant nutrition has tended to decline in the last 3 years (Ministry of Health, 2018). According to the 2010 IDHS in Indonesia, only 10% of infants received breast milk on the first day, who were breastfed for less than 2 months as much as 73%, were given 2-3 months breastfeeding as much as 53% were given breast milk 4-5 months by 20% and exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 months 49% (Ministry of Health, 2018). The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is relatively low (57.6%) in 2018 from January to June. This study aims to increase understanding of the importance of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, breast care and correct breastfeeding techniques in breastfeeding success. Quasi experimental research method, with one group pretest-posttest design without control. The research sample uses total sampling. The sample in this study were all pregnant women starting at 32 weeks 'gestation to 42 weeks' gestation by 78 respondents. Research instruments in the form of pre and post questionnaires. The data obtained were then analyzed using dependent t-test. The results of the study note that there is a significant influence between the knowledge of the mother before (pretest) and after (posttest) after being given health education about exclusive breastfeeding, breast care and proper breastfeeding techniques in Bangka Belitung.

Fakta menunjukkan bahwa cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia sebagai salah satu bentuk peningkatan gizi bayi cenderung menurun pada 3 tahun terakhir (Kemenkes, 2018). Menurut SDKI 2010 di Indonesia hanya 10%  bayi yang memperoleh  ASI pada hari pertama, yang diberikan ASI kurang dari 2 bulan sebanyak 73%, yang diberikan ASI 2 - 3 bulan sebanyak 53% yang diberikan ASI 4-5 bulan sebanyak 20% dan menyusui ekslusif sampai usia 6 bulan sebanyak 49% (Kemenkes, 2018). Prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung relatif rendah (57,6%) pada tahun 2018 bulan  Januari - Juni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang pentingnya manfaat ASI eksklusif, perawatan payudara dan tehnik menyusui yang benar dalam keberhasilan menyusui. Metode penelitian quasi eksperimental, dengan one group pretest-posttest design without control. Sampel penelitian menggunakan total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini seluruh ibu hamil mulai usia kehamilan 32 minggu sampai usia kehamilan 42 minggu sebanyak 78 responden. Instrumen  penelitian  berupa  kuesioner pre dan post. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan t-test dependent. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu sebelum (pretest) maupun sesudah (posttest) setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang ASI Eksklusif, perawatan payudara dan teknik menyusui yang benar di Bangka Belitung.