Pengurangan Kadar Lignin Pada Biomassa Lignoselulosik Menggunakan Urea Untuk Meningkatkan Perolehan Glukosa Bahan Mentah Bioetanol

http://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.948


Silvi Octavia(1*)

(1) Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Bung Hatta Padang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Secara umum konversi lignoselulosa menjadi bioetanol dilakukan dalam 4 (empat)  proses, pengolahan awal, sakarifikasi, fermentasi, dan pemurnian (distilasi). Pengolahan awal dipandang sebagai tahap yang membutuhkan biaya paling tinggi. Untuk itu perkembangan penelitian diarahkan pada pencarian dan pemanfaatan teknologi pengolahan awal yang   ekonomis, sehingga dapat menurunkan biaya dan terutama dapat dikembangkan di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu teknologi yang diharapkan dapat memenuhi persyaratan ini adalah teknologi perendaman menggunakan amoniak ataupun turunan amoniak. Amoniak diyakini mempunyai selektifitas yang tinggi terhadap lignin (delignifikasi) sehingga dapat meningkatkan perolehan gula fermentasi pada proses sakarifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan urea, yang mengandung amoniak 5% (b/v) pada kondisi 100oC dan 1 atm, sebagai bahan pendelignifikasi dan mengkaji ketercernaan bahan produk rendaman (berupa tandan kosong sawit dan bagas sorgum manis) oleh enzim selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan gula hasil hidrolisis enzim sebanyak 144% dibandingkan hidrolisis bahan tanpa pengolahan awal.

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