Email this article THE EXISTENCE OF MEN REFLECTED THROUGH A MAN SITUATED IN THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA
Dipa Nugraha(1*)
(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This article is a study of Hemingway’s masterpiece novella, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), in the view of Jean-Paul Sartre’s theories of existentialism and literature. Sartrean theories of existentialism and literature focus on the three roles of a writer as suggested by previous research done by Alistair Braidwood (2011). The study is qualitative research with hermeneutic reading. The data is in the form of relevant phrases or sentences from the novella. The analysis aims to disclose how Hemingway situates men through the main character of his novella, Santiago, to deliver his message to his readers regarding the existence of men. The finding of this study is that Hemingway is an engaged writer whilst also a political and moral writer in delivering an imaginary depiction of a man representing the existentialism situation of all men on being with others through continuous struggles of winning and losing.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF
References
Abadi, Y. (2015). Santiago’s machoism in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Alisjahbana, S. T. (1977). Perjuangan Tanggung Jawab dalam Kesusasteraan. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Alvian, A. Y. (2017). A study of formal links in Ernest Hemingway’s the old man and the sea. UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Amalia, et al. (2014). Paket Superintensif UN SMA IPA 2015. Jakarta: Cmedia.
Anwar, C., & Raffel, B. (1970). The Complete Poetry and Prose of Chairil Anwar. New York: State University of New York Press.
Aspahani, H. (2016). Hidup hanya menunda kekalahan. In Chairil Anwar (pp. 271–292). Jakarta: GagasMedia.
Bachtiar, T. S. (1976). Rumah. In Etsa (Cetakan III). Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Berendzen, J. C., & Bereudzen, J. C. (2001). What is Political Writing? Sartre and Merleau-Ponty on Literature and the Expression of Meaning. Sartre Studies International, 7(2), 44–57.
Braidwood, A. (2011). Iain Banks, James Kelman and the art of engagement: an application of Jean Paul Sartre’s theories of literature and existentialism to two modern Scottish novelists. University of Glasgow.
Brink, H. I. L. (1993). Validity and reliability in qualitative research. Curationis, 16(2), 35–38.
Byrne, M. (2001). Hermeneutics as a methodology for textual analysis. AORN Journal, 73(5), 968.
Cunha, F. R. da, van Kruistum, C., & van Oers, B. (2016). Teachers and Facebook: using online groups to improve students’ communication and engagement in education. Communication Teacher, 30(4), 228–241.
De Miranda, L. (2018). Life Is Strange and “games are madeâ€: A philosophical interpretation of a multiple-choice existential simulator with Copilot Sartre. Games and Culture, 13(8), 825–842.
Eduka, T. C. (2016). Solusi Jitu Lulus UN SMA/MA IPA 2017. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana.
Eduka, T. K. (2017). Mega Bank UN SMA IPA 2018 ( Plus CD). Jakarta: Cmedia.
Engeliana, N. (2009). The study of heroism, narcissism, and altruism in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
Evrililya, H. (2015). Using of polysemy in novel “The Old Man and the Sea†by Ernest Hemingway. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.
Fadhilah, E. N. (2018). Santiago’s strong determination as seen in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Fehér, I. M. (1995). Sartre and hermeneutics. Man and World, 28(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01278459
Fink, H. (2000). From the Aesthetic to the Ethical: A Kierkegaardian Reading of Blok’s" Neznakomka". The Slavic and East European Journal, 44(1), 79–91.
FitzSimons, E. (2015). Character education: A role for literature in cultivating character strengths in adolescence. In Evidence-based approaches in positive education (pp. 135–150). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
Hardré, J. (1958). Jean-Paul Sartre: Literary Critic. Studies in Philology, 55(1), 98–106. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4173229
Haryanti, D. (2014). Pergeseran terjemahan kelas kata utama bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia (Studi kasus pada The Old Man and the Sea dan Linguistics across Cultures). Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Hemingway, E. (1973). Lelaki Tua dan Laut (terj. Damono, S.D.). Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Hemingway, E. (2008). The Old Man and the Sea (terj. Ellyati, D.V.). Surabaya: Selasar Surabaya Publishing.
Hemingway, E. (2009). Lelaki Tua dan Laut (terj. Pramudhaningrat, Y.K). Jakarta: Penerbit Serambi.
Hemingway, E. (2015). The Old Man and the Sea (terj. Pramana, D.A.). Yogyakarta: Narasi.
Hemingway, E, Cowley, M., Warren, R. P., & Baker, C. (1962). Three Novels of Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises, with an Introduction by Malcom Cowley ; A Farewell to Arms, with an Introduction by Robert Penn Warren ; The Old Man and the Sea, with the Introduction by Carlos Baker. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Hemingway, Ernest. (1952). The old man and the sea. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Hendrastuti, R. (2013). Sastra Terjemahan sebagai Bahan penunjang Pengajaran Sastra. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, 261–277. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Hidayah, L. R. (2008). Translation analysis of adverbs in The Old Man and the Sea into Lelaki Tua dan Laut. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Iftakhar, S. (2016). Google classroom: what works and how. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 12–18.
Jatikustanto, I. (2014). A comparative analysis of translation techniques and quality of Directive Speech Acts in The Old Man and the Sea novel by Ernest Hemingway (Pragmatics Approach). Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Jobe, T. (1973). Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of literature (Western Kentucky University). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1710/
JP, S. R. (2013). Translation analysis on figurative language in The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway into Lelaki Tua dan Laut by Sapardi Djoko Damono. Dian Nuswantoro University.
Junus, U. (1978). H. Aveling, The Pilgrim (transl. of Ziarah, by Iwan Simatupang). Archipel, 15(1), 207–219.
Kamdhi, J. S. (2007). Si Jitu: Bhs. Ind SMA/MA Kls XII. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Khrisna, D. A. N., Nababan, M., & Santosa, R. (2016). Appraisal Analysis on the Main Character of Novel the Old Man and the Sea and Its Three Indonesian-Translated Versions Lelaki Tua dan Laut. Advanced Science Letters, 22(12), 4481–4484.
Khusna, A. A. (2018). Heroism reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea (1952): a Marxist approach. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Kurniati, A. (2014). Between despair and spirit of life reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea (1952): a psychoanalytic criticism. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Kusmayadi, I. (2008). Think Smart Bahasa Indonesia. Bandung: PT Grafindo Media Pratama.
Kusuma, A. (2016). The optimistic symbolisms in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Negeri Medan.
Leitch, V. B. (2001). The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. New York: Norton.
Levin-Goldberg, J. (2012). Teaching Generation TechX with the 4Cs: Using Technology to Integrate 21st Century Skills. Journal of Instructional Research, 1, 59–66.
Lübecker, N. (2008). Sartre’s Silence: Limits of Recognition in Why Write? Sartre Studies International, 14(1), 42–57.
Maryam. (2013). An analysis of life struggle of the main character through plot in the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
Meyers, J. (1985). Hemingway, a biography. New York: Harper & Row.
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23–48.
Mozaffaripour, R., & Hamrah, S. Z. (2015). The Concept of Authenticity in Philosophy of Sartre and Implications for Using Internet as Educational Technology. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications, 7(2), 2658–2665.
Muzairi, H. (2002). Eksistensialisme Jean Paul Sartre Sumur tanpa dasar kebebasan manusia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Natanson, M. (1962). Literature, philosophy, and the social sciences. The Hague: M. Nijhoff.
Nugraha, D., & Octavianah, D. (2020). Diskursus Literasi Abad 21 di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama, 7(1), 107–126.
Nurayu. (2018). Friendship in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Hasanuddin.
Nurjannah, D. P. (2018). The Lakoffian conceptual metaphor analysis of Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea Novel. IAIN Salatiga.
Oliver, C. M. (2007). Critical Companion to Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts On File.
Österling, A. (1954). Award ceremony speech in literature. Retrieved from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1954/ceremony-speech/
Pandiangan, V. (2008). Human existence as reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Prasetya, A. B., Yadnya, I. B. P., & Malini, N. L. N. S. (2018). Penerjemahan repetisi leksikal dalam The Old Man and the Sea dan dua versi terjemahannya. Aksara, 30(1), 89–106.
Prastyo, H. (2018). Translation methods in literary work: a descriptive analysis of Indonesian’s translator. AZKIR: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Keislaman, 4(1), 21–40.
Pratiwi, V. U. (2000). A study on naturalism in “The Old Man and the Sea†a novel by Ernest Hemingway. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Primagama. (2010). Kiat Sukses UNAS SMA/MA 2010 Kelas XII IPA. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London, California, New Delhi, Singapore: SAGE Publications.
Rahayu, L. M. (2016). Differences in perception and diction on two translations Lelaki Tua dan Laut from Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea. Humaniora, 28(3), 300–314.
Rahayu, S. (2019). An analysis of word formation in “The Old Man and the Sea†a novel by Ernest Hemingway. Universitas Tidar Magelang.
Riggs, K. (2008). Ernest Hemingway. Minnesota: Creative Education.
Rinna, G. A. (2017). Existence of human being as reflected in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea novel (1952): An existentialist approach. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Saliman, M., Nazaruddin, K., & Hilal, I. (2018). Penokohan novel Lelaki Tua dan Laut serta rancangan pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Jurnal Kata (Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya), 6(2), 1–13.
Sartre, J.-P. (1988). “ What is literature?†and other essays (with introduction by Steven Ungar). Harvard University Press.
Sastrowardojo, S. (1991). Philosophy in modern Indonesian poetry. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter, 19(54), 29–33.
Septiaji, A. (2019). Metode penerjemahan dalam menerjemahkan novel The Old Man and the Sea ke Lelaki Tua dan Laut karya Ernest Hemingway. Metabahasa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 35–46.
Setiawati, W., Asmira, O., Ariyana, Y., Bestary, R., & Pudjiastuti, A. (2019). Buku Penilaian Berorientasi Higher Order Thinking Skills. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Setyaji, A., Tarjana, S. S., Nababan, M. R., & Wiratno, T. (2019). Translation Analysis of Taxis in “The Old Man and the Sea†Novel (Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach). Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(2), 245–254.
Signori, L. F. (2013). The (w) hole in the text: a hermeneutic reading of Marguerite Duras’s “La Pluie D’ete.†Romance Notes, 53(1), 3–10.
Simatupang, I. (1976). Ziarah. Jakarta: Djambatan.
Simatupang, I., & Aveling, H. (1975). The pilgrim. Hongkong: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia) Ltd.
Simon, S. (2013). A Reporter’s Story: The Significance of Hemingway’s Early Work in Journalism (Wellesley College). Retrieved from https://repository.wellesley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1179&context=thesiscollection
Smythe, E., & Spence, D. (2012). Re-viewing literature in hermeneutic research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 11(1), 12–25.
Sudrajat, J. (2007). A psychological analysis of Santiago’s motivation to struggle far out into the sea as reflected in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Suryaman, M. (2010). Pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran sastra. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 1(3), 112–126.
Sutarni, S., & Sukardi. (2008). Bahasa Indonesia 2 SMA Kelas XI. Yogyakarta: Yudhistira Ghalia Indonesia.
Sylvester, B. (1966). Hemingway’s Extended Vision: The Old Man and the Sea. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 130–138.
Sylvester, B. (1999). The Cuban context of The Old Man and the Sea. In S. Donaldson (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Hemingway (pp. 243–268). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
TabaÄková, Z. (2015). Outside the classroom thinking inside the classroom walls: Enhancing students’ critical thinking through reading literary texts. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 726–731.
Tim-GO. (2016). PASTI Plus SMA/MA IPS 2016. Bandung: Penerbit Duta.
Webber, J. (2006). Sartre’s theory of character. European Journal of Philosophy, 14(1), 94–116.
Wibisono, C. (2013). The semiotic analysis on selected symbols in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Jember.
Widiastuti, T. C. (2001). Santiago characterization and the values of life in Ernest Hemingway`s The Old Man and the Sea. Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Winston, C. N. (2015). Points of convergence and divergence between existential and humanistic psychology: A few observations. The Humanistic Psychologist, 43(1), 40–53.
Zaimar, O. K. S. (1990). Menelusuri Makna Ziarah Karya Iwan Simatupang. Jakarta: Intermasa.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Dipa Nugraha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Kata has been migrated to the new website. To make a new submission in Jurnal Kata, you can easily go to new webstie link HERE and register.
Published by Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi (L2DIKTI) Wilayah X, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
E ISSN :Â 2502-0706
View Stats Jurnal kata : Penelitian tentang Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra