HUBUNGAN KESULITAN MAKAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK 3-5 TAHUN DI KELURAHAN JATI KOTA PADANG

Abstract

Abstrak

Berbagai masalah makan dapat menyebabkan anak kehilangan nafsu makan dan mengalami kesulitan makan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kesulitan makan dengan status gizi anak usia 3-5 tahun. Desain cross sectional digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan populasi penelitian adalah anak usia pra-sekolah (3-5 tahun) di Kelurahan Jati Kota Padang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 110 anak yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data kesulitan makan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan food recall 2x24 jam dan FFQ serta data status gizi melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 55,5% anak mengalami kesulitan makan, 21,8% anak dengan status gizi kurang, 25,5% anak dengan status gizi pendek dan 10% anak dengan status gizi kurus. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan kesulitan makan dengan status gizi anak berdasarkan indeks antropometri BB/U dan BB/TB (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan asupan energi anak dan pengetahuan gizi ibu merupakan confounding terhadap status gizi anak dengan indeks antropometri BB/U, TB/U dan BB/TB. Perlu pemenuhan asupan makanan anak yang bergizi sesuai dengan kebutuhannya untuk tumbuh kembang anak.

Kata Kunci       : Kesulitan makan, status gizi, anak usia prasekolah (3-5 tahun)

 

 

Abstract

Eating problems can be caused children to lose their appetite and impact on the eating difficulties then affect children nutritional status. This research aims to determine the relationship between eating difficulties with the nutritional status of children aged 3-5-year-old in Jati Village, Padang City year 2019. A cross-sectional design was used in this study with a population was children aged 3-5 years old in Jati Village, Padang City. A total sample of the research was 110 respondents which were collected by simple random sampling. The eating difficulties data was collected by food recall 2x24 hours and FFQ, then nutritional status was collected through weight and height measurement. Data were analyzed by using Chis-square statistical test and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that 55,5% of respondents had eating difficulties, 21,8% underweight, 25,5% stunting and 10% wasting. Statistical test results showed there was the relationship between eating difficulties with nutritional status based on indicator weight for age and indicator weight for height (p < 0,05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variable amount of energy intake and mother’s knowledge of nutrition are the confounding variable of nutritional status weight for age, height for age and weight for height. It was needed for the nutrient of children food intake according to their needs for children growth and development.